Staging is the process of finding how far the cancer has spread. Staging of mesothelioma is based on imaging studies such as radiographs, CT and MRI. Treatment and outlook for patients with mesothelioma depends largely on the stage (extent of spread) of cancer. Since pleural mesothelioma occurs most frequently, and has been most studied, it is the only mesothelioma as a staging classification exists.
staging system used in most cases of mesothelioma have Butchart system. This system is mainly based on measurement of the mass of the primary tumor and to share the stages of mesothelioma I-IV.
Butchart Staging System
Stage I: Mesothelioma is present in the right or left lung, and can also cause lung, pericardium, or diaphragm (the muscle to distinguish breast from the abdomen) on the same side.
Stage II: Mesothelioma invades the chest wall or involves the (food passage connecting the throat to the stomach), esophagus, heart, or pleura on both sides. The lymph nodes in the chest may also be involved.
Stage III: Mesothelioma has penetrated through the diaphragm into the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity). Lymph nodes than those of the breast may also be involved.
Stage IV: There is evidence of distant metastases (spread through the bloodstream to other organs).
Another classification system has been developed recently by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). This is a TNM system, similar to systems used to stop most other cancer. T is for tumor (its size and how far it has spread to nearby organs), N is spread to lymph nodes and M for metastasis (spread to distant organs). TNM staging, information about the tumor, lymph nodes and metastasis is combined with a process called stage grouping to assign a stage described by Roman numerals I to IV. Slight differences between the TNM classification system and the AJCC staging system Butchart.
TNM classification system
Stage I: Mesothelioma of the pleura is left or right. It can also infect the lungs, pericardium, or diaphragm on the same side. It has not yet spread to lymph nodes.
Stage II: Mesothelioma has spread from the pleura on one side of the nearby peribronchial and / or hilar lymph nodes near the lung on the same side. It also may have spread to the lungs, pericardium, or diaphragm on the same side.
Stage III: Mesothelioma has spread into the chest muscles, ribs, heart, esophagus, or other organs of the chest on the same side as the primary tumor, with or without spread to lymph nodes and subcarinal or mediastinal on the same side as the primary tumor. subcarinal nodes located at the point where the trachea branches into the lungs to the left and right. mediastinal lymph nodes are located behind the chest bone of the space in front of the heart. Mesothelioma with the same degree of local spread in phase II, which have spread to subcarinal and / or mediastinal lymph nodes on the same side is also in Phase III.
Stage IV: Mesothelioma has spread to lymph nodes in the chest on the opposite side of the primary tumor, or directly extends to the pleura or lung on the opposite side, or directly extends to the peritoneum, or directly extends to the organs of the abdominal cavity or neck. No evidence of distant metastases of mesothelioma (spread to other organs through the bloodstream) or spread over the organs of the chest or abdomen is involved in this phase.
Although recently developed TNM classification is the most accurate and precise, the original Butchart staging system is still used most often to describe the spread of cases of pleural mesothelioma. Understanding Mesothelioma staging systems is important both for the evaluation and understanding of weather, and also in the evaluation of treatment options.
Prognostic factors
Because pleural mesothelioma has been better studied than peritoneal mesothelioma know more about the factors associated with prognosis for pleural mesothelioma. younger age at diagnosis, functional status (functional status) and the absence of weight loss is associated with a more favorable prognosis.
Mesotheliomas are usually of three different types of cells (histology): 1) type of skin cell - the best prognosis, 2) fibrosarcomatous cell type - carries the worst prognosis and 3) mixed cell type - the average forecast.
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